Laser technology, as one of the most advanced manufacturing and processing technologies in the world today, undoubtedly plays an important role in the aerospace field. Laser technology can be found in aircraft fuselage, aircraft components and the processing of various materials.
As the top manufacturing aircraft engine now, it is a highly complex and precise thermal machinery. Every manufacturing is extremely demanding and requires a wide variety of materials. The high-temperature components inside not only need to withstand the scorching high temperature, but also need to withstand strong air pressure. The slightest error directly leads to the failure of the whole aircraft. At present, the design and manufacture of aero-engine are very complex, which covers tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of small parts. A large number of titanium alloys, high-temperature gold, stainless steel and other non-metallic special coatings are used. These materials not only have high hardness and brittleness, but also have high melting point and low thermal conductivity. For example, the turbine blade inside not only has a special shape, but also has the characteristics of high temperature resistance. If the conventional processing method is adopted, it is not only complex to operate, but also difficult to meet the process requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt the current high-tech means - laser cutting machine of laser technology.
Laser manufacturing technology has a bright future in the industrial application of national defense and aerospace fields, with the characteristics of high efficiency, low energy consumption, short process, good performance, digitalization and intelligence.
In the aerospace industry, laser cutting materials include titanium alloy, nickel alloy, chromium alloy, aluminum alloy, beryllium oxide, stainless steel, molybdenum titanate, plastic and composite materials. These materials have the characteristics of high hardness, high brittleness, high melting point, high viscosity and low thermal conductivity. Conventional mechanical processing is difficult to process. Laser cutting can be used to process aircraft skin, honeycomb structure, frame, wing bin, tail wall panel, helicopter main rotor Engine casing and flame tube, etc.
Because laser cutting has the characteristics of high precision, fast processing speed, small thermal effect and no mechanical effect, it has been applied in many aspects of aeroengine manufacturing, from the air inlet of aeroengine to the exhaust nozzle. The current laser cutting technology has solved many problems such as the cutting of difficult to machine materials for aeroengines, the efficient machining of large thin-walled parts, the high-precision cutting of blade holes of parts, and the machining of special surface parts, which has effectively promoted the development of current aviation vehicles in the direction of high performance, lightweight, long life, short cycle, low cost, and added a lot of impetus to the development of the aviation industry.