1) Laser vaporization cutting

Using a high-energy density laser beam to heat the workpiece, the temperature rises rapidly and reaches the boiling point of the material in a short period of time. The material begins to evaporate and forms steam. The injection speed of these vapors is very high, forming notches on the material. The evaporation heat of materials is generally large, so laser evaporation cutting requires a high power and power density.

Laser vaporization cutting is mainly used for cutting extremely thin metal materials and non-metallic materials (such as paper, cloth, wood, plastic, rubber, etc.).

2) Laser melting cutting

When laser melting and cutting, the metal material is heated and melted by laser, and then non oxidizing gases (Ar, He, N, etc.) are sprayed using a nozzle coaxial with the beam of light. The liquid metal is discharged by the strong pressure of the gas, forming a cut. Laser melting cutting does not require complete evaporation of metal, and the required energy is only 1/10 of that of evaporation cutting.

Laser melting cutting is mainly used for cutting materials or active metals that are not easily oxidized, such as stainless steel, titanium, aluminum, and their alloys.

3) Laser oxygen cutting

The principle of laser oxygen cutting is similar to that of oxygen acetylene cutting. Using laser as the heat source and active gases such as oxygen as the cutting gas. On the one hand, the blown gas undergoes an oxidation reaction with the cutting metal, releasing a large amount of oxidation heat; On the other hand, molten oxides and molten substances are blown out of the reaction zone, forming notches in the metal. Due to the large amount of heat generated by the oxidation reaction during the cutting process, the energy required for laser oxygen cutting is only half of that for melting cutting, and the cutting speed is much faster than that of laser vaporization cutting and melting cutting. Laser oxygen cutting is mainly used for easily oxidizable metal materials such as carbon steel, titanium steel, and heat treated steel.

4) Laser slice and control

Laser slices use high-energy density lasers to scan the surface of brittle materials, causing the material to evaporate into a small groove, and then apply a certain amount of pressure, causing brittle materials to crack along the small groove. The laser plate is usually a Q-switching laser and a CO2 laser.

The controlled fracture is to use the steep temperature distribution generated by laser grooving to generate local thermal stress in the brittle material, so that the material breaks along the small groove.