First, we will introduce the processing principle of the optical fiber laser cutting machine: the laser emitted by the laser is focused by the lens and forms a tiny spot at the focal point. The workpiece at the focal point is irradiated by the laser spot with high power density, which will produce 10000° The local high temperature above C makes the workpiece vaporize instantaneously, and then the vaporized metal is blown away with the auxiliary cutting gas. With the movement of the CNC machine tool, the purpose of cutting is achieved.
Because of its high hardness and high temperature resistance, it is difficult to ensure the accuracy when laser cutting is used for high-temperature aluminum alloys. Compared with ordinary steel, the main difficulties in processing high-temperature aluminum alloys with optical fiber laser cutting machines are as follows:
1. The tendency of work hardening is large. For example, the hardness of GH4169 unreinforced matrix is about HRC37. After the metal laser cutting machine cuts, the surface will produce a hardening layer of about 0.03mm. The hardness increases to about HRC47, and the hardening degree is as high as 27%. The work hardening phenomenon has a great influence on the life of the oxidized tip tap, which usually results in severe boundary wear.
2. The thermal conductivity of the material is poor. When cutting superalloys, a large amount of cutting heat is borne by the oxidized tip tap, and the tool tip bears a cutting temperature of up to 800~1000 ℃. Under the action of high temperature and large cutting force, plastic deformation, adhesion and diffusion wear of the cutting edge will occur.
3. Large cutting force. The strength of superalloy is more than 30% higher than that of common alloy steel for steam turbine. At the cutting temperature above 600 ℃, the strength of nickel base superalloy is still higher than that of common alloy steel. The unit cutting force of high-temperature alloy without strengthening treatment is more than 4000N/mm2, while that of ordinary alloy steel is only 2500N/mm2.
4. The main components of nickel base alloy are nickel and chromium, and a small amount of other elements are added: molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, tungsten, etc. It is worth noting that tantalum, niobium, tungsten, etc. are also the main components used to manufacture carbide (or high-speed steel) oxidation tip taps, which will cause diffusion wear and abrasive wear when machining superalloys.
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